The following summary relies entirely on media reports - we couldn’t get hold of any first hand reports from comrades.
Strike and Police Brutality at Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India (HMSI)
The
month-long strike/lock-out at HMSI and the police attack on the workers
caused a big stir in India. This is mainly due to the location of
the strike: a modern factory of a multinational company in a developing
region which up to that point was not seen as prone to industrial
disputes. The conflict at Honda threatened to become a spark in a
generally tense atmosphere within India’s modern international
industry. Therefore the police brutality against the workers can’t be
understood as a mere response to a single workers’ struggle, but must
rather be explained by the general situation in the new investment
zones (see also Newsletter 3 on call centres in India). In order to
understand the political significance of the dispute for the Indian
economy we recommend you read the detailed analysis of the Indian group
Rupe. They describe the increased dependence of the Indian economy on
foreign capital influx since the crash in 1991, the new privatisation
schemes and the other, dark side, of ”India Shining” (the Indian boom).
(www.rupe-india.org/39/contents.html)
About the Region
Gurgaon
is situated in the state of Haryana, close to New Delhi, a town in a
rural area without any tradition of workers’ struggles. The new town
centre is characterised by modern office blocks and shopping malls.
Companies such as Microsoft, IBM and Nokia have their headquarters
here. The government of Haryana implemented strict anti-union labour
laws in order to attract further foreign investment. The industrial
zone mushroomed during the last five years and comprises 90 factories,
with a large share of companies in the automobile sector. About 70
percent of all motor-scooters produced in India are said to be produced
in this region. Japanese companies play an important role, given that
Japan is India’s fourth biggest foreign investor and about three
quarters of all Japanese companies in India are situated in Gurgaon.
The AITUC is the most important union in Gurgaon, it is supported by
the CPI(M). The Communsit Parties of India have a difficult role to
play. On the one hand, they have to make an effort to appear to support
the workers, including by ”patriotic propaganda” against foreign
investors. On the other, they have the duties of governing parties.
West Bengal is a CP-led state and attracts the second greatest amount
of foreign investment of all Indian states. Shortly before the
incidents in Gurgaon the government of West Bengal signed a 500 Million
US-Dollar deal with Mitsubishi.
The Situation in the Modern Industrial Sector
The
struggle in Gurgaon took place against the background of various
conflicts within the modern industrial sector which often resulted in
significant wage improvements for the workers. At HMSI the management
claims that the workers already received a 100 percent wage raise in
the previous year. In June 2005 the workers at Toyota in Bangalore
demanded a 100 percent wage increase. The management promised 25
percent and was able to avoid industrial action. At the car part
suppliers Speedomax, Hitachi Electrics and Omax Auto, all situated in
Gurgaon, industrial disputes were only settled a few days before the
police attack on the HMSI workers. Apart from a booming, but still
modest, automobile export industry more and more electronic device
companies (mobile phones etc.) are opening their factories in India.
Companies like Solectron and Flextronics have recently increased their
investment in the sub-continent. The individual ownership of mobile
phones has increased from 6 million in 2000 to 50 million in 2005 and
is supposed to grow by 20 million each year. The automobile export
sector is still confined to a few companies and models (Toyota,
Hyundai, Ford, Fiat, Skoda, Suzuki and Mahindra), exporting about
130,000 cars in 2004, but the sector, particularly the car component
industry, is growing.
About the factory
The factory is
modern, only four years old. The plant churns out 2,000 scooters per
day and employs about 1,900 to 2,500 workers. In 2004 HMSI is said to
have sold 550,000 scooters in India. Scooters and other two-wheelers
are still the most important means of motorised transport in India. In
2003-04 about 5,625,000 motorcycles were sold, compared to 850,000
cars. Most of the workers are hired by subcontractors or only get daily
contracts. The wages are poor, securing mere survival. A lot of workers
come from the surrounding small villages or even from other states and
they rely on the company’s bus service.
The Cause of the Conflict
The
conflict began in December 2004 after a manager allegedly hit a worker,
who was said to be engaged in organising a union within the plant.
Another four workers were sacked after they expressed their solidarity
with their workmate. The official justification for the dismissals was
”undisciplined behaviour in the factory”. The whole situation came to
boiling point when the management sacked another 57 workers and nearly
all the workers in the factory reacted by going on strike in June 2005.
At the end of June 2005 the management replied by officially sacking
1,000 workers and locking out the strikers.
About the Strike
27th
of June: Workers from the surrounding villages are not fetched by the
company buses. The management wants to force them to sign a declaration
saying that they renounce further demands and strikes.
10th of July:
According to media reports, about 38 percent of the workers are still
working, some of them are recently hired temps and redeployed office
workers. For two days different sources speak about 200 workers still
producing. The production is said to be down, only 30 percent of normal
volume. In June the total sales of the scooter Unicorn decreased by
66.5 percent compared to the previous month.
13th of July: The
employers’ association of the automotive supplying industries (ACMA)
demands that the government takes steps against the strike at Honda,
complaining about the negative impact on the situation in other plants
in the region.
17th of July: The media reports that the company has
already lost 200 Million US-Dollar due to the conflict. There are also
reports on large numbers of police troops being deployed in Gurgaon,
arriving from various nearby towns. Unionists talk about the first acts
of intimidation from police and management. The management offers to
let 100 locked-out workers return to work.
25th of July: Between
2,000 and 3,000 workers of the Honda plant demonstrate in Gurgaon,
supported by family members and employees of other factories. Near the
factory some initial scuffles break out, but the demonstration
continues. Workers are said to have tried to occupy the nearby
Highway 8. Allegedly without warning the police attack the protestors
with long bamboo batons, tear gas and rubber bullets. The television
shows pictures of policemen hitting already unconscious workers. One
worker is said to have died right on the street. The reported number of
injured people varies between 300 and 800 and a lot of them have
serious head injuries and broken limbs. The fights continue, people
start to riot, burn police cars and buses and loot shops. There are
pictures on telly showing groups of women chasing policemen with their
own batons. About 300 workers are arrested, about 60-80 are still in
custody at the end of August, some charged with attempted murder.
26th
of July: Workers, family members and friends search in hospitals and
police stations for protestors who are still missing. Later on a union
lawyer claims to have seen police beat an arrested demonstrator to
death and then burn him. On the
26th of August Indian newspapers
announce that 28 workers are still missing. More riots break out which
continue the following day.
28th of July: A solidarity strike takes
place in Gurgaon, called for by left parties. The participation is low.
An India-wide day of protest is announced for the 1st of August.
1st
of August: Production is officially resumed, but only 800 to 900
scooters are produced per day. Arbitration proceedings take place, but
no representative of the workers is admitted.
About the Results of the Strike
In
total the company lost about 1.2 Billion Rupees due to the strike. The
media presented the result of the strike as following: All dismissed
workers are re-hired, under the condition that they sign a so-called
‘good-conduct’ declaration promising to abstain from further demands
and strikes. The workers are granted a wage increase for the year,
although we couldn’t find any info on the exact amount. There is
contradictory information on the question of whether the days of the
strike will be paid or not. Some sources say that all strike days in
May and June will be paid, others say that they won’t. The AITUC
demands the release of all workers still in custody and union
recognition in the company.
About the Reaction to the Strike
The
strike and the police attacks got huge public attention and caused
diplomatic tension between India and Japan. Prime Minister Singh met
representatives of the left parties in a special session in order to
consult over the strike and its consequences. On the second day of
rioting the chairman of the governing Congress Party, Sonia Gandhi,
came to Gurgaon for mediation talks. The Japanese ambassador told the
media that the strike would endanger future investment by Japanese
companies.
Managers of automobile companies operating in the region
expressed their concern that the strike could have negative effects on
the production climate in their plants. On television there were
hundreds of SMS messages expressing solidarity with the Honda workers.
The daily newspapers and political magazines published several articles
asking whether the strike is a prelude to a wave of new struggles in
the multinational companies, after a general decline of strike activity
since 2000. The Hindu nationalist opposition party BJP talked about
”national security”, which according to their opinion would be harmed
by foreign investment. The CP was also trying to play the patriotic
trick and announced a general strike against the changes in the labour
law in September. Against the background of the strike the bosses were
publicly discussing the need for reformed labour laws. They demanded,
amongst other things, that strikes would have to be announced three
weeks beforehand and that an approval of 75 percent of all workers in
the plant would be required as the legal precondition for the dispute.
In addition, for each day of wildcat strike the bosses want to make the
workers pay a fine of eight days’ wages!
[prol-position news #4, 12/2005]
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